Thursday, April 26, 2012

Direct and Indirect Speech

DIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.


INDIRECT SPEECH

Indirect speech reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use question mark to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word. Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech

For example:
Direct speech   :"I'm going to the cinema", he said.
Indirect speech : He said he was going to the cinema. 


TENSE CHANGE

No
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
Tenses
Direct Sentence
Tenses
Indirect Sentence
1
Simple Present
Peter said, “I eat rice.”
Simple Past
Peter said that he ate rice.
2
Present Continuous
Peter said, ”I am eating rice.”
Past Continuous
Peter said that he was eating rice.
3
Present Perfect
Peter said, “I have eaten rice.”
Past Perfect
Peter said that he had eaten rice.
4
Present Perfect Continuous
Peter said, “I have been eating rice.”
Past Perfect Continuous
Peter said that he had been eating rice.
5
Simple Past
Peter said, “I ate rice.”
Past Perfect
Peter said that he had eaten rice.
6
Future
Peter said, “I will eat rice.”
Conditional
Peter said that he would eat rice.
7
Future Continuous
Peter said, ”I will be eating rice.”
Conditional Continuous
Peter said that he would be eating rice.
8
Modal
Peter said, “I can eat rice.”
Past Modal
Peter said that he could eat rice.

when we want to report what someone said , we don’t usually repeat their exact words , we use our words , we can use reporting words such as tell say as follow by “that clause”


Example  :
my  mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock

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